FILE 533 / 3 October 2024 / 173 MIN / full

Mountain Massacre

McCarthy, AlaskaListen

The town

N ↑Public placePublic placePublic placeTown centre (approximate places)
Static locations; no street basemap. Places and details. OpenFreeMap © OpenMapTiles Data from OpenStreetMap.

And this is McCarthy, Alaska... It's in southeastern Alaska over there. about 0:04:43

History, in brief

Town note

Native people hunted in the area for a long time and collected copper nuggets from the creek.

about 0:06:04

Town note

Their permanent camp was on the Copper River at the village of Tural near Chitina, where they fished for salmon.

about 0:06:14

1900

Copper was discovered between the Kennecott Glacier and McCarthy Creek in 1900.

about 0:06:23

Town note

After the discovery the Kennecott Mining Company and the company town of Kennecott were created.

about 0:06:39
All 24 history facts

Town note

Native people hunted in the area for a long time and collected copper nuggets from the creek.

about 0:06:04

Town note

Their permanent camp was on the Copper River at the village of Tural near Chitina, where they fished for salmon.

about 0:06:14

1900

Copper was discovered between the Kennecott Glacier and McCarthy Creek in 1900.

about 0:06:23

Town note

After the discovery the Kennecott Mining Company and the company town of Kennecott were created.

about 0:06:39

Town note

There were no towns there before the copper was found; Kennecott was built to get the copper out.

about 0:06:46

Town note

Kennecott and McCarthy were sister towns because alcohol and prostitution were forbidden in Kennecott.

about 0:06:52

Town note

McCarthy grew as a place to provide booze and women for the copper miners.

about 0:07:15

Town note

McCarthy quickly became a major town with a gymnasium, a hospital, a school, a bar and a brothel.

about 0:07:26

1911

The Copper River and Northwestern Railway reached McCarthy in 1911.

about 0:07:44

1938

By 1938 the copper deposits were gone and the railroad discontinued service to the town.

about 0:07:49

Town note

About $200 million in ore was extracted from the mine, the richest concentration of copper ore in the world at the time.

about 0:08:04

Town note

The population of McCarthy and Kennecott fell to almost nothing until about the 1970s.

about 0:08:32

Town note

In the 1970s hippies looking for a naturalist lifestyle and workers on the Trans-Alaska Pipeline began arriving.

about 0:08:43

Town note

In the 1980s the area was designated the Wrangell-St. Elias National Park.

about 0:09:01

1980

The Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve was established in December 1980.

about 0:22:10

1953

There has been at least one family living in the McCarthy area since 1953.

about 0:09:17

Town note

The McCarthy and Kennecott area ranks as one of the United States' most endangered landmarks by the National Trust for Historic Places.

about 0:09:43

Town note

The McCarthy Road begins where the pavement ends just outside Chitina, 61 miles west.

about 0:26:23

1983

In 1983 the road was covered with gravel and often scarred by washouts and washboard ruts; railroad ties and spikes occasionally resurfaced and shredded tyres.

about 0:26:27

Town note

The road from Chitina was improved in the early 1970s and the state built the bridge over the Kennecott River, bringing more people and property buyers.

about 0:58:10

Town note

Wrangell-St. Elias National Park is roughly the size of West Virginia and six times the size of Yellowstone.

about 0:22:15

Town note

Four major mountain ranges converge in the park and nine of the 16 tallest peaks in the United States rise within its boundaries.

about 0:22:43

Town note

More than a million acres within the park's boundaries are still privately owned.

about 0:23:19

Town note

Year-round residents are cut off from roads by a river bluff; in summer the only way across is a hand-powered cable car.

about 0:23:28

The figures, as told

Religious

about 35%

about 0:13:22

Crime / national average

Property crime
zero

about 0:21:22

Violent crime
zero

about 0:21:42

People killed
▼ six

about 1:42:44

Money

Median home valuesignificantly below state average
Median household incomesignificantly below state average
Cost of living104
All figures and comparisons, as told in 2024

Population in peak summer

"about 100"

No direction stated.

As told in 2024 about 0:12:07

Winter population

"2 to 22"

No direction stated.

As told in 2024 about 0:12:14

Population in 2010

"28 people"

No direction stated.

As told in 2024 about 0:12:29

Residents now

"16 males and 12 females"

No direction stated.

As told in 2024 about 0:12:39

Median resident age

"about 48 years old"

Comparison: "older than normal". Direction: above.

As told in 2024 about 0:13:15

Share who are religious

"about 35%"

No direction stated.

As told in 2024 about 0:13:22

Leading religion

"evangelical Protestant"

No direction stated.

As told in 2024 about 0:13:31

Median household income

"significantly below state average"

Comparison: "Alaska state average". Direction: below.

As told in 2024 about 0:13:42

Median house value

"significantly below state average"

Comparison: "Alaska state average". Direction: below.

As told in 2024 about 0:13:45

Unemployment percentage

"significantly above state average"

Comparison: "Alaska state average". Direction: above.

As told in 2024 about 0:13:49

Median age

"significantly above state average"

Comparison: "Alaska state average". Direction: above.

As told in 2024 about 0:13:57

Foreign-born population

"below state average"

Comparison: "Alaska state average". Direction: below.

As told in 2024 about 0:14:00

Renting percentage

"below state average"

Comparison: "Alaska state average". Direction: below.

As told in 2024 about 0:14:03

Length of stay since moving

"significantly above state average"

Comparison: "Alaska state average". Direction: above.

As told in 2024 about 0:14:05

Number of rooms per house

"significantly below state average"

Comparison: "Alaska state average". Direction: below.

As told in 2024 about 0:14:27

House age

"above state average"

Comparison: "Alaska state average". Direction: above.

As told in 2024 about 0:14:31

Number of college students

"significantly below state average"

Comparison: "Alaska state average". Direction: below.

As told in 2024 about 0:14:38

Cost of living

"104"

Comparison: "100 average". Direction: above.

As told in 2024 about 0:14:54

Estimated median household income

"negative $680,182"

No direction stated.

As told in 2024 about 0:15:06

Median household income in 2000

"$17,188"

Comparison: "less than half the national figure then". Direction: below.

As told in 2024 about 0:15:16

Housing units lacking complete plumbing facilities

"72.2%"

No direction stated.

As told in 2024 about 0:15:53

Housing units lacking complete kitchen facilities

"72.2%"

No direction stated.

As told in 2024 about 0:16:01

Estimated median home value

"negative $706,289,307"

No direction stated.

As told in 2024 about 0:16:09

Median home value in 2000

"$90,000"

No direction stated.

As told in 2024 about 0:16:22

Spirit Mountain Artwork Store floor area

"1,430 square foot"

No direction stated.

As told in 2024 about 0:17:13

Spirit Mountain Artwork Store year built

"1910"

No direction stated.

As told in 2024 about 0:17:16

Asking price, Spirit Mountain Artwork Store

"$225,000"

No direction stated.

As told in 2024 about 0:17:55

Population at the time of the murders

"22"

No direction stated.

As told in 2024 about 1:42:47

Property crime

"zero"

No direction stated.

As told in 2024 about 0:21:22

Violent crime

"zero"

No direction stated.

As told in 2024 about 0:21:42

People killed

"six"

Comparison: "six out of 22 residents, almost a third of the town". Direction: below.

As told in 2024 about 1:42:44

The reviews

5.0 / 5 · average of 1

“An authentic Alaskan fine dining establishment using local ingredients in extraordinary ways, with wild-caught Copper River Red Salmon, local yak and an extraordinary wine list.”
about 0:10:33

5 stars

“Luke calls it an amazing hotel that is an absolute time capsule to the early 1900s, with period furniture, friendly staff and a central location within a stone's throw of everything in McCarthy.”
about 0:11:26

In Alaska

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The story

McCarthy, Alaska, is one of the smallest and most remote towns the show has covered. James places it in southeastern Alaska, six and a half hours' drive from Anchorage, with no road into town for much of the year and a hand-powered cable tram across the Kennecott River. The area had been used by Native people who collected copper from the creeks, and their permanent camp was on the Copper River at Tural near Chitina. Copper was discovered between the Kennecott Glacier and McCarthy Creek in 1900, and the Kennecott Mining Company built the company town of Kennecott. McCarthy grew beside it because alcohol and prostitution were forbidden in Kennecott, and it soon had a gymnasium, a hospital, a school, a bar and a brothel. The Copper River and Northwestern Railway reached McCarthy in 1911. By 1938 the copper was gone, the railway stopped running and the population collapsed. Hippies and pipeline workers arrived in the 1970s, the Wrangell-St. Elias National Park was designated in the 1980s, and by the time of the story about twenty-two people lived there, most of them wintering in isolation.

His father was abusive and eventually left the family. He joined the Air Force after school, held a top security clearance and later worked as a computer programmer at Stanford University in the mid-1970s. In June 1979 he married Madeline D. Stovall, a librarian at Stanford. They spent their honeymoon at the Kennecott Lodge in Alaska and decided to move there.

By 1983 his business was failing, his marriage was strained and he was increasingly angry about the Trans-Alaska Pipeline, which he blamed for bringing money and people into the state. He bought guns and at least two thousand rounds of ammunition, built a silencer covered in beaver fur, compiled a computer list of two hundred Alaska political and civic leaders, and practised shooting rabbits. His closest neighbour was Chris Richards, twenty-nine, who lived near the old Kennecott mine. On February 28th, 1983, the two men played a board game in Kennecott.

Richards invited him in for coffee. One bullet went through the lens of Richards's glasses and into his head; another hit his neck, another the back of his head and another grazed his arm. Wearing only socks, one slipper, a T-shirt and corduroy trousers, he struggled three-quarters of a mile through waist-deep snow to a neighbour's unoccupied cabin, where he found boots, a parka and snowshoes. He then went about a tenth of a mile to the cabin of Tim and Amy Nash.

The Nashes took Richards by snowmobile to the north end of the McCarthy airstrip, where they met the local pilot Gary Green. Tim Nash went to check on the Heglunds while Green warmed up his plane to fly Richards to the hospital in Glennallen. The lodge was closed for the winter and nobody was hurt. He then went to the Heglund house, where Lester and Florence Heglund and their friend Maxine Edwards had gathered for mail day.

Both fell. He walked to within fifty feet and fired another shot into each body, then went close and fired one into each head. He dragged the bodies behind a snowbank and piled snow on them. Harley King, sixty-one, was driving a snowcat twenty miles from Long Lake with Donna Byram, thirty-two, who was hoping to catch the mail plane. King crashed the snowcat, broke his leg and told Donna to save herself. He eventually gave up, took the Nashes' snowmobile and fled west along the old railroad road.

Troopers from Glennallen were alerted and came by helicopter. The troopers already knew better. The bodies of the Heglunds and Maxine Edwards were found stacked on the bed, with a bloody fur-covered silencer on the nightstand. Harley King's body was left in the snow overnight and loaded onto a plane the next day.

His bail was continued at $300,000. He later claimed that copper poisoning and fumes from preservatives and paint had caused his behaviour.

Six of the town's twenty-two residents were dead, almost a third of McCarthy. Liz Gelineski lost the lodge, which she said was her life savings, and had no insurance. The couple were caretaking Joe King's cabin.

The case

The McCarthy massacre

Victims

Lester Heglund (64). Retired trapper and weather observer, one of McCarthy's old-timers
Florence 'Flo' Heglund (58). Lester's wife, a painter and jeweller who ran the community mail service
Maxine Edwards (52). Had lived in the area since 1953; at the Heglund house to collect her mail
Harley King (61). Retired commercial fisherman and hunting guide, shot after crashing his snowcat
Tim Nash (38). Builder of the cabin where Chris Richards took refuge; shot at the Heglund house and on the airstrip
Amy Nash (25). Tim's wife, shot with him on the airstrip
Chris Richards (29). closest neighbour; shot four times at his cabin and survived
Donna Byram (32). Riding with Harley King to catch the mail plane; shot in the upper right arm and survived

Accused and outcomes

As told in the episode, on 3 October 2024.

Accused

Outcome

Other people

Madeline D. Stovall. his wife, a Stanford University librarian who later went by Lonnie and worked for the State Division of Energy and Power Development
Maud Marie Gunn. his mother, who wrote to the judge asking for mercy
Liz Gelineski. owner of the Kennecott Lodge, which burned down
Gary Green. local bush pilot who flew the wounded Chris Richards to Glennallen and warned the mail plane
Bonnie Morris. resident who left the mail gathering before arrived and later heard the shootings
Lloyd Green. long-time resident who knew and called him the personification of evil
Dr. Joe Satin. San Francisco psychiatrist hired by the defence
Al Gagnon. long-time resident and later owner of a pizza place
Jim Miller. resident who left McCarthy a few weeks before the murders

The timeline

  1. January 1st, 1944 is born in Leawood, Kansas.about 0:27:46
  2. the 1950s and his teenage years He is treated for chronic depression as a child and receives two years of counselling as a teenager.about 0:29:03
  3. after school He joins the Air Force for three and a half years and holds a top security clearance.about 0:32:39
  4. mid-1970s He works as a computer programmer at Stanford University. (Stanford University)about 0:32:47
  5. June 1979 He marries Madeline D. Stovall, a librarian at Stanford University. (Stanford University)about 0:34:22
  6. 1979 The couple stay at the Kennecott Lodge on their honeymoon and decide to move to Alaska. (Kennecott Lodge)about 0:35:01
  7. 1980 They tell Liz Gelineski, the lodge owner, that they are moving to Alaska. (Kennecott Lodge)about 0:35:42
  8. 1980 They move into a duplex in Anchorage and starts an unsuccessful computer service company. (Anchorage duplex)about 0:36:28
  9. summer of 1982 They buy an unoccupied copper miner's house about five miles outside McCarthy and spend the summer repairing it. ( cabin)about 0:38:28
  10. fall of 1982 stays at the cabin while his wife returns to Anchorage for her job. ( cabin)about 0:39:08
  11. 1983 His business is failing, his marriage is strained and he becomes increasingly angry about the Trans-Alaska Pipeline.about 0:39:39
  12. 1983 He buys guns and at least 2,000 rounds, builds a beaver-fur-covered silencer, compiles a list of 200 Alaska leaders and shoots rabbits to practise.about 0:41:37
  13. February 28th, 1983 plays a board game with Chris Richards in Kennecott; Richards mentions a skiing trip and warns him about cutting firewood.about 1:05:45
  14. March 1st, 1983, 8.30 a.m. arrives at Richards's cabin while Richards is preparing breakfast. (Richards cabin)about 1:08:36
  15. March 1st, 1983 shoots Richards four times with a silenced handgun, hitting his neck, head and arm. (Richards cabin)about 1:09:58
  16. March 1st, 1983 Richards stabs in the thigh with a kitchen knife and escapes into waist-deep snow. (Richards cabin)about 1:12:27
  17. March 1st, 1983 Richards reaches a neighbour's unoccupied cabin and takes boots, a parka and snowshoes. (unoccupied cabin)about 1:13:49
  18. March 1st, 1983 Richards reaches Tim and Amy Nash's cabin and tells them shot him. (Nash cabin)about 1:14:18

Killing of Ralph Berg

Victims

Ralph Berg. husband; he had beaten her all day and threatened to kill her

Accused and outcomes

As told in the episode, on 3 October 2024.

Accused

Outcome

Other people

Joe King. owner of the cabin, Harley King's son, who was out of state

The timeline

  1. April 1993 shoots and kills her husband Ralph after he beat her all day and threatened to kill her. (Harley King cabin)about 2:40:22
  2. April 1993 She walks 12 miles to the nearest neighbour, who drives her another 27 miles to a telephone.about 2:40:29
  3. April 1993 She reports the shooting; the couple had been caretaking Joe King's cabin. (Harley King cabin)about 2:40:38

Places and phrases

N ↑Public placePublic placePublic placeTown centre (approximate places)
Static locations; no street basemap. Places and details. OpenFreeMap © OpenMapTiles Data from OpenStreetMap.

Places in the story

Public places are marked on the map.

Heard in this episode