FILE 114 / 11 April 2019 / 151 MIN / full

Hot For Teacher

Crandon, WisconsinListen

The town

N ↑Public placePublic placeTown centre (approximate places)
Static locations; no street basemap. Places and details. OpenFreeMap © OpenMapTiles Data from OpenStreetMap.

This week, in Crandon, Wisconsin ... it's in Forest County. about 0:00:00

History, in brief

Town note

Samuel Shaw, an entrepreneur, bought property at the edge of Forest County in the 1880s and people began coming to the area.

about 0:12:12

Town note

German and Polish immigrants were the main settlers; they first tried farming potatoes and berries, which failed.

about 0:12:37

Town note

Residents relied on fishing, poaching and berry picking to survive.

about 0:13:12

1887

The county was created in 1887 after residents lobbied for it.

about 0:13:45
All 16 history facts

Town note

Samuel Shaw, an entrepreneur, bought property at the edge of Forest County in the 1880s and people began coming to the area.

about 0:12:12

Town note

German and Polish immigrants were the main settlers; they first tried farming potatoes and berries, which failed.

about 0:12:37

Town note

Residents relied on fishing, poaching and berry picking to survive.

about 0:13:12

1887

The county was created in 1887 after residents lobbied for it.

about 0:13:45

1900

Rail service reached the area in the late 1800s, though the line did not reach the town directly until after 1900.

about 0:13:54

1900

The Page and Land Deck Lumber Company acquired hardwood timber land near Crandon around 1900 and built a large sawmill near the lake on the north side of town.

about 0:14:46

Town note

The population grew from 800 to about 2,400 in about three years because of the sawmill work.

about 0:14:46

Town note

Settlers and loggers were recruited from Kentucky; the sawmill was eventually moved from Crandon to Kentucky.

about 0:15:28

1909

Crandon was incorporated in 1909 and a courthouse was built around then.

about 0:16:39

Town note

Timber diminished and only a couple of logging companies remained.

about 0:16:47

Town note

The economy in the 1900s included a creamery, a potato warehouse, a cheese factory, a cabinet shop and a broom handle factory.

about 0:17:02

1998

From the 1980s to the early 2000s there was a fight over a proposed copper mine after Exxon found a copper deposit; the legislature passed an act in 1998 to limit mine sites and the project was withdrawn in October 2003.

about 0:18:27

2007

On October 7, 2007, Tyler Peterson, a Forest County Sheriff's Department employee and Crandon police officer, shot seven people and killed six in town.

about 0:20:36

2014

In 2014 Crandon recalled its mayor by a two-to-one margin.

about 0:21:07

Town note

The local economy still includes some logging, tourism and light industry.

about 0:21:52

The figures, as told

Religious

46%

Biggest faith: Catholic, 31.3%

about 0:25:40

Who lives here

White 87% · Black 0.71% · Asian 0.0% · Hispanic 0.66%

Ethnicity can overlap race.

Crime / national average

Property crime
▼ about half

about 0:32:33

Violent crime
▼ about one third

about 0:32:36

Money

Median home value$84,500
Two-bedroom rentabout $700 a month
Median household incomejust under $40,000
Cost of living76.9
All figures and comparisons, as told in 2019

Property crime

"about half"

Comparison: "normal". Direction: below.

As told in 2019 about 0:32:33

Violent crime

"about one third"

Comparison: "national average". Direction: below.

As told in 2019 about 0:32:36

Population

"1,967"

Comparison: "down 1% since 1990". Direction: below.

As told in 2019 about 0:23:28

Population peak

"2,000"

Comparison: "in 1940". No direction stated.

As told in 2019 about 0:23:04

Population

"1,920"

Comparison: "in 2010". No direction stated.

As told in 2019 about 0:23:04

Median age

"37.3"

Comparison: "national average". No direction stated.

As told in 2019 about 0:23:28

Married

"42%"

Comparison: "50-50 is the normal". No direction stated.

As told in 2019 about 0:24:19

Native American

"8%"

No direction stated.

As told in 2019 about 0:25:19

Religious

"46%"

Comparison: "a little less than normal". Direction: below.

As told in 2019 about 0:25:40

Democrat

"35%"

Comparison: "last election". No direction stated.

As told in 2019 about 0:26:30

Republican

"about 62%"

Comparison: "last election". No direction stated.

As told in 2019 about 0:26:30

Unemployment

"almost 5%"

Comparison: "higher than the rest of the country". Direction: above.

As told in 2019 about 0:26:42

Average household income

"about $57,500"

No direction stated.

As told in 2019 about 0:26:45

Median household income

"just under $40,000"

Direction: below.

As told in 2019 about 0:26:45

Cost of living index

"76.9"

Comparison: "100 is the average". Direction: below.

As told in 2019 about 0:27:13

Housing cost index

"45.2"

No direction stated.

As told in 2019 about 0:27:18

Median home cost

"$84,500"

No direction stated.

As told in 2019 about 0:27:21

Homes built before 1939

"35%"

No direction stated.

As told in 2019 about 0:27:45

Average two-bedroom rent

"about $700 a month"

No direction stated.

As told in 2019 about 0:28:50

Two-bedroom lake-view house

"$42,500"

Comparison: "1,152 square feet". No direction stated.

As told in 2019 about 0:29:09

Three-bedroom house

"$109,900"

Comparison: "1,664 square feet". No direction stated.

As told in 2019 about 0:29:27

Five-bedroom house

"$1,100,000"

Comparison: "4,200 square feet". No direction stated.

As told in 2019 about 0:29:55

The reviews

No rated reviews

No reviews recorded.

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The story

Crandon, Wisconsin, is a small town in Forest County at the far north-eastern tip of the state, close to the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and not far from Canada. James calls it the only incorporated community in the county and the county seat, six square miles of North Woods with no traffic lights, a town motto of 'center of Wisconsin's North Woods' and a population of about 1,967. In the early 1970s, when the story begins, it was much the same: a remote, heavily wooded place where everyone knew everyone else.

He returned to study at the University of Wisconsin River Falls, where he met Sandra in 1967.

Sandra was born in 1946 and became a full-time faculty member at Nicolette College in Rhinelander in 1972. Friends and colleagues described him as unusually forgiving, a man whose only stated aim was to keep his family together. By late 1975 he and Sandra had an informal separation agreement, including a promise not to see each other for a month.

Paul Pauly was in his early twenties, a Vietnam veteran and a student at Nicolette College, where Sandra taught English. He lived at the Wonder Hotel in Rhinelander. In late 1975 and early 1976 Sandra was having affairs with Paul and with another student, Robin Jensen, at the same time. Jensen saw Paul as a rival.

He detoured towards Crandon, saying later that he wanted to see Sandra. Late that night, driving through Rhinelander, he saw Sandra's car parked outside the Wonder Hotel, where he knew Paul lived. He bought a six-pack of beer and drank it as he drove on to Crandon. At the house he played the piano for a while, thinking about his wife and children, then saw car headlights, went outside and hid behind a large oak tree. He had parked down the block so that he would not be seen.

Sandra and Paul had spent the day and evening together and had had sex more than once. They drove to her home around midnight. Sandra walked ahead with the keys. She turned, saw a flash, and watched Paul jump into the air and fall, shouting 'No'. Paul, gut-shot, bled to death in the yard in the snow. He said to Sandra, 'I'll never touch you again.'

I just shot and killed a friend.' It happened over an hour ago.'

Dr Richard Moorehead performed the autopsy. Paul had died from blood loss caused by a shotgun wound to the abdomen, fired on a level plane from between three and 25 feet. He would have died within an hour. Sandra herself called him kind and gentle to others, if not to her. The Reverend David Kellen of the Methodist Church in Crandon began his own investigation and told a newspaper that he guessed Sandra had killed Paul.

All but two of the 24-member panel had heard of the killing.

A spent shotgun shell had been found on the second floor. The defence also showed that Sandra and Jensen had lied about how often they had seen each other since the killing, but a witness placed Jensen elsewhere on the night. Asked whether he shot Paul, he said, 'I've never been a violent person. I've always worked to create and rebuild. I just don't know.'

At the sanity hearing the prosecution brought out what it said was his real character: he had beaten Sandra 25 to 30 times in eight years, had affairs of his own, smoked marijuana and drank heavily. Sandra testified that he had beaten and kicked her after she drove her car into a ditch, and that he had shot a dog near their home.

Police and paramedics revived him and his stomach was pumped. His bond was revoked.

New evidence about an electrical short circuit in Sandra's car and alleged Brady violations did not persuade the court, which found that Sandra's testimony was not incredible as a matter of law and that the shotgun evidence was sufficient. Donald Pauly wrote to the governor and the board, saying that once again the criminal seemed to be winning and the victim's family seemed forgotten. One board member had wanted 13 years, others 15. Sandra, by then remarried, testified that she remained afraid of him.

He had served eight years and one month. Donald Pauly said he and his wife were too old and tired to fight the release again.

He rebuilt a life. He joined Twitter in November 2014. He died on 30 December 2015, aged 71, a free man. Sandra was still alive; her second husband had died of pancreatic cancer in 2009.

The case

Murder of Paul Pauly

Victims

Paul Pauly (22). Vietnam veteran and Nicolette College student; Sandra lover

Accused and outcomes

As told in the episode, on 11 April 2019.

Accused

Outcome

Other people

Donald Pauly. Paul's father, a retired Appleton police officer
Helen Pauly. Paul's mother
Kevin Kelly. district attorney
Dr. Albert Lorenz. psychiatrist who testified for the defence
Dr. Richard Moorehead. pathologist who performed the autopsy
Reverend David Kellen. Methodist minister in Crandon who conducted his own investigation
Virginia Radkey. recreation director at the Headwaters Achievement Academy
Timothy Popp. speech pathologist and friend of
Michelle Eberling. 17-year-old missing from Janesville in 1990; was described as her speech therapist

The timeline

  1. 1944 is born.about 0:41:39
  2. 1946 Sandra is born.about 0:41:04
  3. 1967 meets Sandra at the University of Wisconsin River Falls. (University of Wisconsin River Falls)about 0:49:19
  4. February 1968 and Sandra marry.about 0:51:33
  5. 1972 Sandra becomes a full-time faculty member at Nicolette College. (Nicolette College)about 0:53:05
  6. 1972 Sandra files for divorce from , then withdraws the petition later that year.about 0:53:12
  7. About 1973 Sandra begins a series of extramarital affairs.about 0:54:59
  8. Late 1975 and Sandra agree to an informal separation and not to see each other for a month.about 0:58:35
  9. Late 1975 to early 1976 Sandra is having affairs with students Paul Pauly and Robin Jensen at the same time. (Nicolette College)about 0:56:37
  10. March 2, 1976 drives from River Falls towards Chicago and detours towards Crandon.about 0:59:24
  11. March 2, 1976 Sandra and Paul spend the day and evening together, then drive to her home around midnight. ( house)about 1:02:14
  12. Late March 2, early March 3, 1976 sees Sandra's car outside the Wonder Hotel and drives on to Crandon with a six-pack of beer. (Wonder Hotel)about 1:00:45
  13. March 3, 1976, after midnight hides behind the oak tree in the yard, then shoots Paul Pauly with a shotgun. ( house)about 1:03:31
  14. March 3, 1976 drags Sandra inside, rips the telephone from the wall and beats her; Paul bleeds to death in the yard. ( house)about 1:04:05
  15. March 3, 1976, 3.40 a.m. telephones police chief L.W. Dodd and says he has shot and killed a friend.about 1:09:13
  16. March 1976 Dr Richard Moorehead's autopsy finds Paul bled to death from a shotgun wound to the abdomen, fired from three to 25 feet.about 1:13:23
  17. March 25, 1976 Preliminary hearing is held; police testify shot Paul from three to five feet. (Forest County Courthouse)about 1:21:57

Places and phrases

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Static locations; no street basemap. Places and details. OpenFreeMap © OpenMapTiles Data from OpenStreetMap.

Places in the story

Public places are marked on the map.

Heard in this episode